Exogenous Glutathione enhances tolerance of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to cadmium stress by regulating the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid and the signal transduction of plant hormones

Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) pollution has brought harm to the growth and development of potato. Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant that may play active role in response a potato Cd stress. However, how GSH influences effect on potatoes unknown. In this study, we investigated effects exogenous phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway plant hormone signal transduction under stress explore new ideas for respond We cultured 21-day-old 'Atlantic’ plantlets Murashige Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 500 μmol/L CdCl 2 or + 400 GSH. then activities key enzymes pathway, levels, expression levels related genes at different time points. Results Analysis showed 96 h treatment glutathione led increase encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) peroxidase (POD); enzymic PAL, CAD POD; content lignin. The lignin was positively correlated several (PAL: PG0031457, CAD: PG0005359, POD: PG0011640 PG0015106). addition, Salicylic acid (SA) Jasmonic (JA) increased significantly, transcription factor TGA (PG2023696), pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) (PG0005111), inhibitor Aux/IAA (PG0006093) all while jasmonate ZIM domain-containing (JAZ) (PG0004367), auxin influx carrier (AUX) (PG0006550) (ARF) (PG0005794) decreased. also observed reduction IAA. Conclusion Exogenous improved tolerance potato, Atlantic cv. by regulating pathway. Graphical